1. CAVES are formed in many different ways, but most caves are formed by chemical weathering that dissolves the limestone and minerals. Caves can get bigger, wider, taller and deeper as the weathering and erosion continues to take place. Even really neat mineral and rock formations can occur within the cave!
2. There are two types of arches- weather eroded arches are made of sandstone and are affected by the rainwater and wind as they erode the sandstone. Surface cracks crumble and flake until the rock eventually cuts through creating holes that get bigger with rock falls and further weathering. Water eroded ARCHES are formed when a stream wears away and penetrates the rock.
3. Cliffs are formed as weathering works on the upper parts of the cliff and erosion wears away the base of the cliff. Steep cliffs are formed from hard rocks that are resistant to weathering. The hard rocks erode and weather slowly. Softer rocks and fractured rocks form more gently sloping cliffs because they erode more easily. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff formed by the movement of a geologic fault, or a landslide.
4. There are a number of natural processes that can form lakes. When Earth’s plates lift and make a mountain range, it can create a bowl-shaped depression that accumulates water and forms lakes. Also, glaciers can scrape depressions in the surface where water accumulates.
5. A delta is a land form where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake or another river. Sediment carried outwards into the flat area of water which the river's flow encounters and is set down as the currents slow.
2. There are two types of arches- weather eroded arches are made of sandstone and are affected by the rainwater and wind as they erode the sandstone. Surface cracks crumble and flake until the rock eventually cuts through creating holes that get bigger with rock falls and further weathering. Water eroded ARCHES are formed when a stream wears away and penetrates the rock.
3. Cliffs are formed as weathering works on the upper parts of the cliff and erosion wears away the base of the cliff. Steep cliffs are formed from hard rocks that are resistant to weathering. The hard rocks erode and weather slowly. Softer rocks and fractured rocks form more gently sloping cliffs because they erode more easily. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff formed by the movement of a geologic fault, or a landslide.
4. There are a number of natural processes that can form lakes. When Earth’s plates lift and make a mountain range, it can create a bowl-shaped depression that accumulates water and forms lakes. Also, glaciers can scrape depressions in the surface where water accumulates.
5. A delta is a land form where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake or another river. Sediment carried outwards into the flat area of water which the river's flow encounters and is set down as the currents slow.